ࡱ> xzw` RMbjbj c 0000000D8ll<D''''''''$X)h+A'Q0AVlAAA'00'M!M!M!A00'M!A'M!M!:[%,00% :$[% &d'0'%R,% ,%,0%brM!\0A'A' R'AAAADDD DDDDDD000000 Removal of Turbidity, Algae and CODMn Simultaneously by the New Combined Processes Li Yan-feng Zhang Jing-de (Tianjin Longda Water Affairs Co., Ltd., Tianjin300480, P.R.China E_mail:hebeilyf@sohu.com Tele86-13820075795 Fax86-22-67227831) Abstract: The combined processes as pilot scale were designed and used to treat micropolluted raw water. The combined processes were composed by sedimentation and DAF. The results showed that the combined processes could simultaneously remove turbidity, algae and CODMn were 80.4%,82.0% and 24.1% respectively, with the influent turbidity of 4.088.77NTU,algae of 3.51079.9107 cell/L, CODMn of 3.23.6mg/L.And the removal of ammonia-N, nitrate-nitrogen and TOC (total organic carbon) was limited. The combined processes could offer a safe drinking water of high quality. Keywords: Combined processes, Conventional process, Turbidity, TOC, COD, Algae Introduction As the main water resource of Tianjin, Linyuan water has been polluted seriously .Periodically severe pollutions and the overgrowth of algae in summer are threatening the safety of drinking water [1].In addition to this, the turbidity is much low in winter, and the conventional process works have much difficulty to treat. Focus on the raw water characteristics(low turbidity, high or low temperature and high algae concentration)and treated water quality requirement, and considering the real condition and future raw water quality of Hangu DWTP, Tianjin Longda Water Affairs Co., Ltd decided to use our country advanced High Efficiency sedimentation and DAF as the new settling processes. The paper studied the effects of using an integrated treatment process combining sedimentation and DAF to treat micropolluted Yinluan water in Hangu DWTP, and the feasibility of the combined processes to simultaneously remove turbidity, algae, CODMn, and TOC from raw water and to make the effluent quality well with the water quality standards for drinking water. Processes and methods 1.1The combined processes Fig.1 shows the combined processes of this system. Polyalumimum chloride (PAC) Raw water mix coagulation reaction Sedimentation flotation filtration drinking water  backward water air gas and liquid mixed pump 1.2 Analytical methods The performance of the combined processes was monitored by analyzing influent and effluent samples for selected parameters according to standard procedures. The turbidity was analyzed by a portable turbidity meter (2100P,HACH Co.,USA).Nitrate-nitrogen and ammonia-N were measured by a spectrometer(Lambda 25, USA). The TOC of liquid samples was analyzed by a TOC analyzer ( Phoenix 8000, Tekmar Dohrmann, USA), and In order to forcefully verify the organic micropollutants removal efficiency of the combined processes, raw water ,conventional processes effluent of the water plant and finished water of the combined processes were analyzed qualitatively by gas chromatograph/mass(GC/MS). CODMn was conducted by standard methods [2], and algae was conducted according to the fifteenth edition of the Standard Methods of Water and Wastewater monitoring of USA. Results and discussion 2.1Raw water characteristics Table.1 shows the average quality of source water during experiment. The water temperature during the experiment varied 2.5!and 11!. The turbidity was generally low and stable, and the algae content was at a medium level(4107 cell/L). The alkalinity, ammonia-N, Hardness and CODMn were not so high. Average quality of raw water Table.1 ParameterRangeMeanPH Turbidity, NTU Alkalinity, mgCaCO3/L Ammonia N, mg/L Hardness, mgCaCO3/L CODMn mg/L8.34 8.63 4.08 8.77 119 164 (<0.02) 0.059 159 246 2.9 4.18.49 6.43 142.7 0.02 202.5 3.52.2Turbidity removal Fig.2 depicted the daily operation data of turbidity. It showed that the removal of turbidity was much satisfactory. When the turbidity of raw water was 4.088.77NTU, the average removal rates of the integrated system was 88.58%.  2.3Algae removal  The removal efficiency of algae was shown in Fig.3. The removal of algae increased with the increase of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%)was below 2.0mg/L.Furthure increase of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%)did not have much effect on the removal of algae because most of algae were removed at the dosages of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%)of 2.0mg/L. 2.3Nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-N and TOC removal The effect of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%)on nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-N and TOC removal by the combined processes were investigated, and the results were shown in Fig.4,Fig.5 and Fig.6.They showed that the removal of nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-N and TOC were limited.    CODMn removal The effect of PAC (Al2O3 content, 10%)on CODMn was shown in Fig.7.It showed that the removal of CODMn was limited.  Organic micropollutants removal Fig.8 showed that total numerator current chromatogram of the effluent of the conventional process works and the effluent of the combined processes, which were concentrated. By comparing the total numerator current chromatograms of Fig.8, it was found that the abundance of varied organic micropollutants in the effluent of the combined processes were fewer than those in the effluent of the conventional process works, which suggested the combined processes has a capability to remove organic micropollutants.  Numerator weight Fig.8 Time (minutes) 3. Economic analysis The average dosages of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%) was 25.338mg/L during the experiment, and the same time of last year was 32.940mg/L, The turbidity of raw water was similar. The dosages of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%) decreased 7.06210-3kg/t. The cost of PAC(Al2O3 content, 10%) was 908yuan/t,so the cost of treated water decreased 7.06210-3908=0.0069yuan/t. The total treated water and power consumption were 471531t and 10500 kwh , respectively, and the cost of power consumption was 0.74yuan/kwh, the cost of treated water increased 105000.74/471513-0.0069=0.0096yuan/t. In the experiment, the backwash cycle was 45h,and the same time of last year that was 22h, the consumption of backwashing was 300m3/period.So, we could save treated water about 3003/2=450t/day.Because of DFA, we needed to waste treated water about 80t/day.We could save treated water about 450-80=370t/day. Conclusion The effectiveness of the combined processes in treating Yinluan water with low temperature and turbidity was investigated, and the following results were obtained. The removal of algae and turbidity through the combined processes can be enhanced by PAC (Al2O3 content, 10%)at the dosages of 0.8-2.0mg/L. The removal of ammonia-N, nitrate-nitrogen, CODMn, and TOC was limited. The combined processes have*,FJf" , . 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Reduced the dosages of PAC (Al2O3 content, 10%), and it could minimize the chemical impact. References [1]Ji Min, Zhou Jing, Wu Chang-min. Characteristics and pretreatment Yinluan water in Tianjin (In Chinese)[J].Water and Wastewater Engineering,2001,27(12):37-40 [2]National sanitary standards for drinking water (In Chinese).Ministry of Construction ,P.R.China, Beijing,2006     aLbLLLLLLL+M8M9MjMkMMMMMMMMMMMMȸh_(jh_(Uh")h}CJOJQJaJo(h}CJOJQJaJo(h,h,CJOJQJaJo(h,CJOJQJaJo(hn {CJOJQJaJo(MMMMMMMMMMMdhgd, 0182P. 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